ROBERT A. EVANGELISTA
REVERSE OSMOSIS, POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON (PAC) with MICROFILTRATION, and ENHANCED OXIDATION with ULTRA VIOLET (UV) LIGHT, OZONE, and/or HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to TREAT an INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL LEACHATE
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The Pollution Abatement Services (PAS) was an industrial waste treatment facility located in Oswego, NY. PAS had highly toxic soil that was isolated by a slurry wall and a cap. However, water accumulated within as noxious leachate, and leaked and poisoned an adjacent stream, which flowed into Lake Ontario. To prevent leakage, the leachate was regularly pumped and transported for off-site treatment.
The objective of this project was to evaluate three environmental technologies---reverse osmosis (RO), powdered activated carbon with microfiltration, and enhanced oxidation with ultra violet light (UV) and ozone and/or hydrogen peroxide---to decontaminate the leachate on site. On-site treatment reduces the amount of liquid waste disposed off site and its associated risks and costs.
Because the leachate affected an international body of water, as project engineer I assembled a joint US-Canadian team of engineers and scientists to tackle this project, with the support of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Environment Canada.
Pretreatment System
To minimize the possibility of the potent leachate fouling the treatment technologies, I created a pretreatment system
using hydroxide precipitation
and flocculation,
lamella clarification,
and a sequential cartridge filtration "polish."
The visual results were dramatic!
The unlabeled jar on the right is underflow from the lamella clarifier.
Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) with Microfiltration
Lab tests showed PAC with microfiltration plugged; this technology
was eliminated from consideration for field pilot-scale tests.
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis
allows the leachate’s water to migrate or permeate through a semi-permeable membrane relatively contaminant free.
Contaminants are retained and concentrated behind the membrane
in what is called the retentate or concentrate. The RO unit was operated at different conditions
and the permeate was sampled
for chemical analyses, since it was the liquid that would be discharged directly into surface water.
Enhanced Oxidation
Enhanced oxidation uses strong UV light in combination with ozone, and/or hydrogen peroxide.
The enhanced oxidation unit was operated
at different conditions
to harness the synergistic oxidizing power of UV light, ozone, and/or hydrogen peroxide to destroy pollutants. ![]()
Results
The analytical results of reverse osmosis and enhanced oxidation treatment demonstrated that these technologies were very successful in removing a wide range of chemicals of concern from an industrial landfill leachate. Sufficient contaminants were removed to allow treated leachate to meet New York State’s requirements for discharge into Lake Ontario.
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The visual results of enhanced oxidation treatment were encouraging.
On the other hand, the visual results for reverse osmosis treatment were remarkable.
RO transformed a noxious leachate into crystal clear liquid permeate. I even demonstrated that the RO permeate was drinkable.
(Kids, don’t do this at home!)
More Information.
H. Whittaker, T. Kady, R. Evangelista, and C. Goulet, Reverse Osmosis and Ultraviolet Photolysis/Ozonation Testing at the PAS Site, Oswego, NY, 1989. PDF 1.4 MB
C. Goulet, H. Whittaker, R. Evangelista, and T. Kady, Reverse Osmosis: On Site Treatability Study of Landfill Leachate at the PAS Site in Oswego, NY. Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies: Domestic and International Conference Proceedings, Atlanta, GA, 1989. PDF 1.6 MB
R. Evangelista, Pilot-Scale Engineering Study, Pollution Abatement Services Site, Oswego, NY, Draft Report, Volume 1. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1989. PDF 12.2 MB
R. Evangelista, Project Status Presentation to Region II for Pollution Abatement Services Site, Oswego, NY. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988. PDF 8.9 MB
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